The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an accelerator that usually accelerates protons at high energy and collides them at various locations. Protons are a type of hadron. The reason it is not called the Large Proton Collider is that sometimes it uses lead nuclei instead of protons.
the LHC collides protons at the highest energy ever achieved by humans (cosmic rays can be higher energy though). This allows us to investigate how matter behaves on a very small scale and even create new never-before-seen particles.
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